Back to the Future 

Alfa Romeo  Formula 1 Racing  1970 - 1985

Text by Roberto Motta 

  Copyright  Robert Little  2021

McLaren Alfa Romeo 1970

After retiring from racing at the end of the victorious 1951 season, a year in which the 'Alfetta 159' powered Juan Manuel Fangio to win the world title, Alfa Romeo returned to Formula One in early 1970 as a sole supplier of engines to several teams.

The eventual return of Alfa Romeo to F1 racing took place in 1969 thanks to the interest of President Luraghi who wanted McLaren Cars to adopt the 33-3 sport engine for their new M14D.

It was Dr. Luraghi, a bright and strong manager from IRI, the real architect of the return... the true 'motive force' of the 105.33 project... that launched Alfa Romeo back into racing competitions. 

Dr. Luraghi, as CEO of Alfa Romeo S.p.A. at Portello had the unenviable task of reversing the financial and economic situation of Alfa Romeo.  He firmly believed that victories in racing were very important to sell the company's “family cars that win the races” theme.  His dream was to put the “red fireball racing cars” with the “Quadrifoglio” back at the top of the most important challenges.

Alfa Romeo already had his own “Dream Team”; it was the ”Servizio Esperienze Speciali”, directed by Ing. Orazio Satta Puliga and Ing. Giuseppe Busso.

Dr. Luraghi, considering the past experience and the current world of racing cars, decided that the goal to reach was the championship in the 2-liter Sports category.  But he decided to support the team “Servizio Esperienze Speciali” with an ad-hoc external structure....to be called "Autodelta".

In order to maintain a sense of autonomy while at the same time enjoying the special handling required in world class racing, Luraghi decided to adopt "Autodelta", the small factory in Udine into the Alfa Romeo S.p.A. sphere of influence.  

Autodelta back then was a short drive north of Venice.  Originated by Ing. Carlo Chiti with his friend Ludovico Chizzola back in 1963,  Autodelta in 1970 was able to supply 8-cylinder 90 ° V-8 engines to the McLaren M14D of Andrea de Adamich and, later in 1971 to the March 711 of Nanni Galli and Ronnie Peterson.

1970 Spanish Grand Prix Grand Prix  McLaren-Alfa Romeo MD7-1    Driver:  Andrea de Adamich    

McLaren-Alfa Romeo with Andrea de Adamich 1970

McLaren-Alfa Romeo 1970

The agreement between Bruce McLaren Motor Racing and the Alfa Romeo S.p.A. was signed in January of 1970 and according to the press release, publically released by the Casa del Portello on January 27th 1970.   

It was learned that the British company, in addition to being supplied with three engines had additionally requested the possibility of hiring the Italian driver Andrea de Adamich.

At the time of presentation, the Alfa Romeo V-8 engine declared a conservative power of 415-420 HP at 9,500 rpm, while the best Ford Cosworth engines pushed out 450 HP.  The agreement between the British manufacturer and Alfa Romeo was not the most fortunate, and the two partners had a difficult and unsatisfactory season.

McLaren-Alfa Romeo was entered in the competitions by Bruce McLaren Motor Racing.   Initially the car was built using a suitably modified M7A chassis to accommodate the Milanese engine and therefore called M7D-1.  The M7D-1 made its race debut during the Spanish Grand Prix practice on 17 April 1970. 

It was not a lucky debut and de Adamich was unable to qualify...missing the cutoff by just 0.05 seconds.  It was the prologue to an embarrassing situation that, over the course of the season, recurred in other Grand Prix races.

On April 26, the M7D-1 was used by Bruce McLaren in practice for the International Trophy at Silverstone.

On May 10th the car was again entrusted to de Adamich for the Monaco Grand Prix, but he was unable to get a valid qualifying time, again missing the grid by just 0.1 seconds.  The M7D-1 for de Adamich was entered for the Belgian Grand Prix on June 7th, but the car was not sent to Spa Francorchamps.

On June 21st, at Zandvoort... at the Dutch Grand Prix, the new car made its debut on the M14D-1 chassis.   Entrusted to de Adamich, it did not overcome the qualifying obstacle.

On July 5th, in the French Grand Prix at Clermont-Ferrand, the M7D-1 finally managed to get underway with de Adamich. Starting from the 6th row of the grid, completed only 29 laps before retiring due to a broken water pipe.

On July 19th, at Brands Hatch, again with the M7D-1, de Adamich qualified with the 18th fastest time but did not start the race due to a fuel leak in one of the tank bags.

On August 2nd, at the fast Hockenheimring circuit, de Adamich's M14D-1 once again failed to qualify, due to an engine failing to deliver full power.

On August 18th, at Zeltweg on the occasion of the Austrian Grand Prix, de Adamich and the M14D-1 qualified in fifteenth position. The technicians replaced the engine the night before the race, but it was the wrong choice. The new engine did not reach the expected rev limit (-1000 rpm) and de Adamich finished the race in 12th position.

After the Austrian race, Autodelta undertook to deliver a more powerful engine, also making some changes to the engine casing.

At the Italian Grand Prix on September 6th, the M14D-1 was entered for de Adamich, while
the M7D-1 was entrusted to Nanni Galli.  de Adamich obtained the 12th fastest time in qualifying and finished in 8th place. While Nanni Galli's car was unable to qualify for the race due to distribution problems.

On September 20th, in Canada, de Adamich's M14D-1 was forced to retire due to a drop in engine oil pressure.

On  October 4th, at Watkins Glen, the de Adamich car failed to qualify due to the inefficiency of the McLaren mechanics: the engine broke during Friday practice.  On Saturday, first a fuel leak and then a fire behind the dashboard did not allow the car to get a valid time for qualifying.

It was over: the team did not take the Alfa Romeo-powered car to the end-of-season race in Mexico City on October 25th.  McLaren had no incentive to continue developing the Alfa-powered car, as its Ford Cosworth DFV-powered cars proved more competitive. And, without a strong financial commitment, Alfa Romeo did not have sufficient engineering resources to be able to exceed the performance of the Cosworth engine.

The Technique

The M7A was part of a successful manufacturing operation that McLaren, founded by New Zealander Bruce McLaren, undertook and which included F1, F5000 and CanAm.

The Alfa Romeo-powered M7D and M14D derived from the M7A and M14A respectively, which were powered by the Ford Cosworth V8. Both were characterized by a light alloy monocoque frame with a load-bearing engine. 

They used a front suspension with double overlapping triangles and external shock absorber spring assemblies mounted in an inclined position. While the rear suspension used a single upper link and a lower inverted triangle, double longitudinal reaction struts and inclined shock absorber spring assemblies. Both axles were equipped with an anti- roll bar.

1970 Dutch Grand Prix  McLaren Alfa Romeo M7D-1   Driver:  Andrea de Adamich

1970 McLaren Alfa Romeo V-8 M7D-1

March - Alfa Romeo Formula 1 1971

In 1971, Alfa Romeo started a collaborative relationship with the young English March team. Founded in 1969 by Max Mosley, Alan Reese, Graham Coacher and Robin Herd, the small British team had a great success, both sporting and commercial, in F3, F2 and F1 and, for the '71 season.   

The team also extended its field of action in the production of sports cars for the CanAm championship.

For the F1 category, March prepared a new car, the 711, and enrolled for the championship two official cars, thanks to the financial support of STP and Alfa Romeo.

The agreement between March and Alfa Romeo provided that the Italian manufacturer would support March with the supply and overhaul of the engines, in addition to the payment of economic support of 20 thousand Pounds.

The official cars took part in the competitions with the Ford Cosworth V8 engine and the Alfa Romeo V8 engine.

In parallel, March delivered a car to the Williams-Politoys team for Henri Pescarolo.

Distinguished by a rounded line, and an elliptical front wing, which earned it the nickname of  ‘Tea Tray’ or 'Coffee Table', the car exploited an aerodynamic body designed by Frank Kostin, which took up some aerodynamic concepts he had already used on the Vanwall designed in '57.

The 711 used a closed monocoque frame with a load-bearing engine. The front suspension was made up of overlapping triangles with shock absorbers and springs inside the body. The rear ones consisted of a single upper arm, lower inverted triangle reinforced by a transverse element, a single upper reaction strut and external spring-shock absorber assemblies. Both axles were equipped with an anti-roll bar.

The first chassy of the 711 was equipped with front disc brakes mounted inside the body, a solution designed by Geoff Ferris and clearly inspired by the Lotus 72, a car on which the designer had previously worked.

However, after some track tests, the solution with 4 discs mounted on the wheels was preferred.

The 711 was equipped with a fuel tank with a total capacity of 227 liters, which was split on the sides of the body. While the oil tank was placed between the passenger compartment and the engine.

The water radiators were mounted on the sides of the passenger compartment while the oil ones were placed under the rear wing.

As mentioned, the car was designed to use both the Ford Cosworth and Alfa Romeo engines, which were combined with a 5-speed + RM Hewland FG400 gearbox.

The 711 weighed 550 kg.

1971 March 711-1 V-8 with driver Andrea de Adamich

1971 March Alfa Romeo 711-1

1971 March 711  Driver:  Ronnie Peterson

Brabham  Alfa Romeo 1974-1979

Text by Roberto Motta with Robert Little

                                                                Copyright  Robert B. Little   2021

In June of 1974 Bernie Ecclestone had contacted Ing. Carlo Chiti to explore the possibility of using the relatively new Autodelta 12 cylinder boxer engine.  

According to historical accounts, Ing. Chiti had dreamed of Alfa Romeo S.p.A. returning to full participation in Formula 1 since the withdrawal of the firm from Formula 1 back in 1951 due largely to economic difficulties.  Besides the unrelenting demands upon him to raise the power output of his V-8 for his T-33 series cars, Chiti pushed himself and his small engineering team to design in 1971 his own flat 12 cylinder for the day when the firm would return to Formula 1 racing.  

The agreement with Brabham was merely a stopping off point among his hidden plans to become a true constructor of Formula 1 cars supplying its own chassis and engines...

According to Ing. Chiti:  

"It was Andrea de Adamich once again who helped the operation to take place.  He had retired finally from racing in 1974, but had continued to enjoy excellent relations with Bernie Ecclestone, the patron for whom he had raced in 1973. Ecclestone was a very different man from the one we know today..." 

(Chiti was speaking early in the year 1991, three and one half years before his untimely passing following a heart attack in June of 1994).

Ing. Chiti continued...

"He was taking his first steps in Formula 1, but he had immediately showed his ability by gaining a generous and prestigious sponsor in Martini.  He had also realized that the backing of a major firm would assist the return to the top rank of the team of which he had just become the owner.  And not just that - - it had become clear to him that his Brabham fitted with the classic 8 cylinder Ford Cosworth, could not hope to do much against the 12 cylinder boxer of Ferrari".  

The engine that Ecclestone wanted to make that clear distinction with was the new Autodelta 12 cylinder.   It had just recently made it's debut at the Targa Florio in 1973 and had won its first championship race at Monza the following year.  Ecclestone had taken notice when de Adamich proposed the collaboration sometime thereafter.

"Ecclestone wanted his team to be different from the others, and it didn't take much to convince de Adamich that the agreement with Alfa would enable him to make the necessary leap in quality."  

The brilliant designer Gordon Murray had succeeded in creating a first class BT44B car using the Cosworth powerplant.   But when the agreement was reached between Chiti and Ecclestone in June of 1975,  the parties found that it was necessary to completely revise the BT44 chassis to enclose the flat 12 cylinder with all of the unknown variables between the chassis, the engine, the transmission,  the team cultures and the language difficulties that all came into play.

                                                                                                        - Robert Little

By 1976, after more than twenty years from its retirement from Grand Prix racing, the Casa del Portello finally returned to F1 motor racing providing Brabham with its own Alfa Romeo 12-cylinder boxer engine. 

This event signalled their return to the highest motor racing formula that ultimately culminated with the return of an all-Alfa Romeo single-seat Formula 1 car in 1979.

By the end of 1975, the Casa del Portello won the World Championship for Makes campaign with their 33TT12 powered by the 'Tipo 105-12' boxer engine. The reliability and power of the engine allowed the 33TT12 to win most of the scheduled races and by doing so attracted the notice of Brabham team owner Bernie Ecclestone.   

He requested the engine for his Formula 1 team along with the collaboration of Alfa Romeo driver Andrea de Adamich.    

Mr. de Adamich, who had retired from active participation from the racing world in 1974, had maintained a good relationship with both the Alfa Romeo organization and with Bernie Ecclestone for whom he competed in 1973 with the BT42.

Brabham was a small team that had achieved good success in the 1974 championship series, taking 2nd place in the constructors standings and allowing Carlos Reutemann to take 3rd place in the drivers' standings.

Ecclestone was aware that his cars, powered by the Ford Cosworth V-8 engine were unable to compete against the Ferrari-powered cars with their 12-cylinder boxer engines.  Furthermore, he was looking for something that would allow his team to stand out from other British teams.   de Adamich did not have to struggle to convince Eccelstone that the agreement with Alfa Romeo had the potential to allow a much sought-after leap in quality and performance.

After brief negotiations, Ecclestone signed an agreement with Alfa Romeo which undertook to supply him with the engines and follow their development.

The BT45 is born.

Once the agreement had been reached, the British engineers led by designer and aerodynamicist Gordon Murray modified a Brabham BT44 chassis to accommodate the Milanese engine and initiate  the first feasibility tests.

On October 13, 1975, on the Silverstone track, the first Brabham-Alfa Romeo made its track debut.

The results were not encouraging. The Brabham and Alfa Romeo technicians, who had imagined up front that their collaboration would not be easy quickly faced its first problem: the Alfa Romeo 'boxer' required a specialized chassis.

The flat twelve cylinder allowed the car's center of gravity to be lower and to deliver more power than the V-8 Cosworth, but it was heavier, had larger overall dimensions and higher fuel consumption. To solve the frame problems, Murray then designed a new car which was called BT45.

Here are the images above from the BT45 presentation of October 26th, 1975.

Below is shown the first version of the BT45-001.

The Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT45 shown here below competed in the 1976 Canadian Grand Prix with Larry Perkins.   Notice the variation in air intake designs shown between the BT45s in photo above and below.

The Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT45 shown here competed in the 1976 Canadian Grand Prix with Larry Perkins.   

1977 Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT45B with John Watson

The Technique

The new car from the outer design standpoint was the natural evolution of the BT44. It maintained the shape of the front with the water radiators placed in front of the front wheels, while the car body had more of the same square and massive shapes. 

The aerodynamics, however, were somewhat different, with the rear completely flaired and two striking vertical air intakes, which had the task of diverting the 'clean' air from the rear tires to the  channel towards the rear wing, while simultaneously conveying more fresh air towards the trumpet intakes of the engine.

Heavily reinforcing the chassis, Murray re-designed the front suspension with a scheme already tested... with the shock absorber spring assemblies packaged inside the car compressed from the bottom upwards thanks to an aluminum balance wheel put in traction by a tie rod. The rear suspension consisted of a shock absorber spring assembly, transverse arms and longitudinal linkage.

Both axles were equipped with a stabilizer bar.

The braking system used self-ventilating discs with 4-piston calipers. The front discs were mounted to the wheels, while the rear discs were mounted in-board to the sides of the transmission.

The BT45 had its initial shake down session in mid-October when, driven on the track by Reutemann, it made only one lap at a reduced pace due to engine lubrication problems.

The BT45 was therefore forced to return to the workshops to adopt a new larger oil tank, and to replace the recovery pumps of the lubricant circuit.

On 26 October, the BT45, distinguished by a white livery and the brand of the sponsor Martini, was officially presented on the Balocco circuit in the presence of Moro, Chiti, Ecclestone, Cortesi, Vittorio Rossi and the drivers Pace and Reutemann.

During the meeting with the press, the Milanese manufacturer announced its future sporting program schedule which included the abandonment of the 1976 World Championship for Makes competition, and the total involvement of Autodelta in the preparation of 'boxer' engines for Brabham.

During the day in front of the corporate leaders, the car safely covered only a few laps of the track.  During the following days, it was subjected to an intense development program were problems of undersizing the chassis and the anomalous functioning of the engine were highlighted.

Recall that the Milanese boxer was derived from the unit mounted on the 33TT12 and that its use on sports cars allowed the use of an oil tank with a capacity of about 30 liters... while on the BT45 the oil tank had a capacity of only 8 liters. Furthermore, the characteristics required of an engine used in endurance races, where it was subjected to prolonged stresses over long time periods were aimed at the durability and solidity of the structure, rather than the absolute containment of weight.  

Autodelta technicians were thus forced to develop the engine to improve its lubrication and reduce its weight.

1976 Brabham Alfa Romeo horizontally opposed 12 cylinder chassis  BT45-001

This 12 cylinder boxer 180 degree 2993 cc  520 horsepower 12 cylinder car was introduced on October 26, 1975 at the Alfa Romeo private testing facility at Balocco.   Chassis  BT45-001

1977 Canadian Grand Prix Brabham Alfa Romeo BT45  Driver:  Carlos Ruetemann

Discussion and Commentary

“It was difficult..." Ing. Chiti said, "... and Ecclestone and I knew that very well. But the important thing was not to be too discouraged by the early poor results.  The Brabham men had to learn to suffer, to forget what they’d achieved in the previous seasons, just as we people from Alfa had to learn to work in perfect harmony with the English team.”

According to an account written by noted historian Doug Nye in his book “The Grand Prix Car 1966 – 1985”, Mr. Nye wrote that the collaboration between Brabham and Autodelta was filled with difficulties.

"Initially, communication with Autodelta was poor; without warning such vital items as engine mountings could vary by as much as one-half inch from an engine to another causing nightmares in assembly and preparation." 

The first season was difficult not only for the team but especially for Carlos Pace and Carlos Reutemann...in their first season with the new BT45 car...two drivers of South American extraction with easily depressed attitudes when faced with adversity.

At their introductory race at the Brazilian Grand Prix qualifying held on Friday January 23, 1976  the two cars could only manage to place 10th and 15th on the grid.

And throughout the entire season mediority plagued the team.   Tension developed to the point that Reutemann quit the team by the 12th race of the season and was replaced immediately by Irishman John Watson.  

The public began to question the wisdom of the match-up between the two organizations...reliability problems with the engine and powertrain continued to plague the team with Carlos Pace relegated to 14th place in the final season championship ranking.

1977 Brabham Alfa Romeo BT45B with Hans-Joachim Stuck, Jr.

1977 Brabham Alfa Romeo BT45B with designer Gordon Murray (L) and driver John Watson

The BT45B

In the winter of 1976 - 1977, Murray and Ing. Chiti worked to improve the car. The designers anticipated the BT45B's race debut to be at the South African Grand Prix. The car had a new rear suspension, engine mounts and a new gearbox, while further changes were made to the air intakes to allow the 12-cylinder boxer to breathe deeply and deliver power of around 530 hp.

Like every year, the championship kicked off with the Argentine Grand Prix. The BT45 performed very well and allowed Watson and Pace to record 2nd and 6th fastest times. On race day, the two BT45s took turns in command, until Watson's car was forced to retire due to a broken drive shaft, while Pace's car took a sweaty 2nd place due to a physical ailment of the driver.

In Brazil the BT45s started very fast, but already on lap 7 Pace's car was betrayed by the impetuousness of its driver and ended the race after a off-road excursion. Watson's car had the same fate and he abandoned the race on lap 30.

Finally, in South Africa, the BT45B made its debut, obtaining the 2nd fastest qualifying time in qualifying with Carlos Pace. In the race, Watson's car was the fastest among the two and took the first points with 6th place.

A few days later, Carlos Pace was the victim of a plane crash that cost him his life. The Anglo-Italian team was forced to hire a substitute to face the rest of the championship; the choice fell on Hans- Joachim Stuck, Jr., son of the legendary driver of the thirties.

At Long Beach Watson's car triggered an accident at the first braking point and was disqualified, while Stuck's car abandoned the race on lap 53 due to broken brakes.

In the subsequent Grand Prix of Monte Carlo, Watson's BT45B set the fastest time, but at the start its wheels skated on a painted pedestrian crossing and was passed by Scheckter's Wolf. After more than halfway through the race in 2nd position he retired with gearbox problems.

During the summer season, Lauda set out to win his second World Championship with Ferrari... at the same time the expiration of his contract was fast approaching. 

After serious contractual misunderstandings with Ferrari, Lauda decided to accept Bernie Ecclestone's proposals, and at Zandvort he signed the contract with the Anglo-Italian team for the 1978 season. 

Before the end of the season, after mathematically winning the Drivers' World Championship, Ferrari let go of the Austrian driver and replaced him with the young Gilles Villeneuve.

Throughout the season, the BT45B, which faced its last race in the Japanese Grand Prix, continued to achieve excellent times in practice, particularly with Watson...but failed to clinch the much-desired race victory.   Among the results obtained was 2nd place of Watson in France and the two podiums in Germany and Austria with Stuck.

The new 1978 season began in Buenos Aires with newcomer John Watson sharing the front row in qualifying with James Hunt.  

The revised BT45B began the season with new, more angular and efficient bodywork and engine breathing configuration, newly designed suspension components and a lighter engine weight.  

Irrespective of the improvements noted, the team failed to win a single race within its first three years of existence and had suffered its greatest loss with the death of Carlos Pace on March 18, 1977 before the 4th race in a light plane crash.   

Alfa Romeo 'Type 1260'

The Alfa Romeo 'Type 1260' engine, i.e. 12 cylinders in 60 ° V, characterized by bore and stroke measurements of 77.0 and 53.60 mm (2995 cc), exploited all of the experiences of the previous boxer, of which it maintained some details such as the crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons and cylinder heads. 

Designed by the Autodelta staff directed by engineer Carlo Chiti and built in just four and a half months, this engine, due to its narrow 60 ° V architecture, was built according to its use on a 'Ground Effects' chassis configuration 

With its granite appearance, its structure was characterized by narrow and high cylinder banks, which gave it a sense of solidity and great power. Each group of 3 cylinders was placed next to each other with an identical ignition interval. The separate exhaust manifolds merged with a Type 3 system into one and then flowed into a single exhaust.

The 12 cylinder Alfa also stood out for its tremendous noise, typical of very fractionated constructions.

The V 1260 engine made it possible to create internal wings that were 40 cm wider and owing to the lateral venturi, they gave a downforce estimated at several hundred kilograms weighing on the wheels.

At the time of its track debut which took place on Lauda's BT48 in December 1978, it had an output of 525 hp at 12,200 rpm.

In 1981 the 1260 type changed bore and stroke measurements which took the values of 78.5 and 51.5 mm (2,991 cc).

Over the years it has always maintained a high standard of reliability and power, reaching in its latest versions 540 horsepower at 12,300 rpm and a torque of over 35 kgm at 9,000-9,500 rpm.

1978 Brabham Alfa Romeo BT46 

1978 Brabham Alfa Romeo BT46  1978 Long Beach Grand Prix

Brabham BT46B "Fan Car"

Thanks to the British Broadcasting Corporation, we present an unusual video featuring the background and creation of the famous Brabham BT46B 'Fan-car'.   

This short video presentation features remarks made by Chief Designer Gordon Murray, team principal Bernie Ecclestone and other executives of Brabham and of the Formula One Constructors Association...including a few remarks by then-competitor Mario Andretti who himself raced the first ground-effects car designed by Colin Chapman of Lotus Cars.  

Here is the link provided especially for our use by the BBC:  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B294RfWj1QE&t=71s

1978 Brabham Alfa Romeo BT46B

Owing to the lack of public availability of true factory chassis photographs without covers obscuring the mechanicals, master modeler Calvin Sallee of California has come to assist us in understanding what the true appearance of the car looked like.   

He prepared hundreds of components of this BT46B kit from Japan, painted each piece and carefully assembled them.  This model presentation is an exception to the historical policy of Autodelta Golden Years.com site but nevertheless it is the only way we know of to see what is underneath.

The winner of the 1978 Swedish Grand Prix...the Brabham Alfa BT46B "Fan Car" 12 cylinder.  This revolutionary design by Gordon Murray was challenged on a number of different grounds and was quickly and permanently excluded from further Formula 1 competition.  

Year later Carlo Chiti, looked back on his Brabham Alfa Romeo days and told his memoir writer and friend Oscar Orefici: 

"This was the beginning of our troubles- and it was Lauda's fault.  Eccelstone had ordered that our drivers should not try to win, because he was afraid that if the new car triumphed on its first appearance, it might create problems in the world of sporting politics. But Niki turned a deaf ear ...he was after fame and glory." 

Bernie Ecclestone went so far as to require the car to run all qualifying sessions on a full tank of fuel.

At the end of season, the lack of results caused a elevation of friction within the Brabham Alfa Romeo team, which became nearly impossible to circumvent when Lauda declared his opposition to the construction of a new Alfa Romeo car.

1978 Brabham Alfa Romeo BT46 

It was a cold rainy Friday afternoon in May of 1978 on the Cote d'Azur...only a few yards from the workshop where the Brabham team was busily preparing for the weekend Monte Carlo Formula 1 trials...  

This is where Ing. Chiti chose to carefully and somewhat vaguely confirm what the automobile racing press had been whispering about for months....that Autodelta would be testing a new "Alfa-Alfa" car for the first time at Balocco within several months. 

Chiti knew that his word would be dutifully published the next day in the Italian Gazette newspaper and read by Ecclestone.  Needless to say, Ecclestone was beyond furious...

Chiti did not deny the story... trying to take advantage of some language difficulties, but nevertheless attempted to wriggle out of the huge amount of anger from his partner Bernie Ecclestone.

Looking back over his long and lusterous career, Ing. Chiti explained:

"My intention was to create a Formula 1 team for us , and at the same time to continue to provide engines for Brabham.  This policy was actually put into effect by Renault, for one, later on, but Massacesi, our Chairman, wouldn't have it; he was convinced that it was damaging to Alfa Romeo's name to go on being associated with a controversial and difficult personality like Bernie Ecclestone." 

The fact remained for the past three years the Brabham - Alfa Romeo collaboration had failed to achieve much more than a couple of pole positions and a few high non-podium finishes.   The car never won a Grand Prix race up to the middle of the third season and had to be content with a couple of 4th place finishes and a second place fuel-starved finish in 1977 by the Irishman John Watson.  

The rising volume of disputes and inter-company bickering continued to rage between Ecclestone and Chiti over their failure to achieve anything remotely successful between their two powerful organizations.  

To Ecclestone's way of thinking the Alfa Romeo 12 cylinder engine and drivetrain was totally to blame for a vast majority of the substandard outcomes. 

In near total secrecy, and in true Machiavellian fashion long dreamed about by the Ingegnere a decade prior ...behind the walls of Autodelta in Settimo Milanese an experimental Formula 1 car named the Alfa "T" (for Total Alfa Romeo components or Totale) had been designed and was being constructed. ..with the full support and backing of Alfa Romeo S.p.A. ..unbeknownst to its Brabham team partner.   The true design of the new Formula 1 car had been initated in 1976.

"The break was entirely Massacesi's fault" Ing. Chiti had said.

A decisive meeting took place in August, at Malpensa airport in Milan.  "We had made an appointment there with Ecclestone to discuss the future.  While we were waiting for him to arrive, the Chairman said to me:  'Alfa can't run itself by association with a type like Ecclestone'. 

By the time the Canadian Grand Prix was held, the Brabham team returned to their familiar Cosworth V-8 engine while Autodelta proceeded on its own way with an "Alfa-Alfa" all Italian philosophy.

Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT48

                                                             Text by Roberto Motta

After the exclusion from the championship of the BT46B 'fan car', the studies undertaken by Gordon Murray to build the BT47 were abandoned. The car was excluded from competition by the FIA regulations before it was even born, as it exploited a rear end from the scheme derived from the Chaparral 2J with two variable geometry fans to maximize the ground effect.

To resolve the situation, Murray and Chiti met and discussed how to build a new 'wing car'.

It was immediately clear that Murray would have to build a chassis suitable for mounting a V-shaped engine, along the lines of the Lotus, and that Chiti, and Autodelta, would have had to build a new engine suitable for a 'Wing Car'.

The engine was called 'Type 1260', that is 12 cylinders with a 60 ° V, and was built in just four and a half months. The architecture of the V12 made possible to create internal wings of the body with a width of 40 cm which, thanks to the lateral venturi, gave a depression estimated at several hundred kg on the wheels when cornering.

In December 1978, when the engine debuted on the Lauda's BT48, was able to push out 525 hp at 12,200 rpm.

From him part, Murray designed a car that at the moment of its appearance on the track, obtained the approval of almost all those present who thinked it 'beautiful'.

The car looked like a torpedo, fully faired and with a clean line. It had a very advanced cockpit, wide sides and lacked the rear wing.

The frame of the BT48 was an integral monocoque made of aluminum and carbon fiber. The suspensions exploited a pull-rod system on the two axles: the front ones exploited overlapping triangles and inboard shock absorber-spring groups. The rear ones consisted of two lower arms, double upper lever and inboard shock absorber-spring groups.

The braking system used 4 discs mounted on the wheels combined with Girling calipers. The discs and pads were made of carbon fiber and supplied by Dunlop.  The car was equipped with a 200 liter safety tank.

The body of the car was made of fiberglass and carbon reinforced with molded plastic elements.  The BT48 had a wheelbase of 2743.2mm, front track of 1731.8mm and rear track of 1625.6mm, and claimed a weight of 590kg.

The Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT48, equipped with the new Alfa Romeo V-12 engine, made its first laps on December 23 at Brands Hatch. Sent to France, on the Le Castellet circuit, it faced the winter tests together with almost all the other F1 teams.

On January 5, the car was shipped to Buenos Aires to undergo development tests on both the Argentine and Rio circuits.

May 13, 1979:  Zolder  Alfa Romeo 177 with Bruno Giacomelli on the left and the Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT48 of Niki Lauda on the right. 

                                        Alfa Romeo 177: Back To The Future
                                             

Text and Photos Courtesy of Roberto Motta

Copyright  Robert B. Little   2021

Little known to non-Alfisti's, the Alfa Romeo 'Tipo 177' was one of the most popular cars and important cars in the history of Alfa Romeo in competitions.   After a long development period the 177 participated in only four races without reporting significant results, but it allowed the 'Biscione' to return to the world of Formula 1 with a real project.

An all-Italian car....  The chassis...   The engine...  and of course...   The driver.

In 1951, after winning the World Championship with Nino Farina in 1950 and with Juan Manuel Fangio in 1951 driving the famous 'Alfetta', the Alfa Romeo company retired from the world of Grand Prix.

Then, over the next few years and with the growing number of victories in the categories reserved for GT cars and in the Sport Prototype category,  the management of the Milanese manufacturer was then tempted to return to Formula 1 with one all-Italian single-seater and those thoughts became more than an insistent pre-occupation.

So much so that in the period 1970-1972, Alfa Romeo S.p.A. returned to the world of Grand Prix racing by supplying its V-8 engines to McLaren and March.

A few years later in 1976, after winning the World Championship for Makes title with the 33TT12, the Milanese manufacturer began a collaboration with the English team Brabham to supply its famous flat-twelve 'boxer' engine.

Unfortunately the results were slow to arrive and the relationship between the Italian technicians and their English colleagues deteriorated, so much so that in 1977, Ettore Massacesi, then General Manager of Alfa Romeo asked Autodelta to design and develop a new Formula 1 car with which to return to the world of Grand Prix racing.

Autodelta was the racing department of Alfa Romeo and its workshops were located in Settimo Milanese, a town northwest of Milano.

The technical manager for the development of the new F1 Alfa project was Ing. Carlo Chiti, one of the most brilliant designers in the history of world motor racing.

The new car called the 'Tipo 177', was powered by the twelve-cylinder 'boxer' engine designed by Chiti and already used by Brabham in 1976.

This "Tipo 115-12" engine was characterized by measurements of bore and stroke of 77.0 and 53.6 mm respectively which gave it an actual displacement of 2995 cc and in its latest version was capable of delivering 520 horsepower at 12,000 rpm.  The chassis of the new single-seater used an aluminum monocoque which was mounted to the engine with a semi-load-bearing function.

The front suspension used overlapping wishbones and arms connected to the spring-shock absorber groups placed in a vertical position inside the car body.

The rear suspension was composed of overlapping wishbones with longitudinal reaction struts and spring-shock absorber groups placed in external inclined position.

The suspension was complemented by both adjustable anti-roll bars on the front and on the rear. 

Finally after a year of testing, first secretly on the Brands Hatch circuit followed by development tests on the private Balocco proving ground and other European circuits...on May 13th,1979...the occasion of the 6th championship match, which took place on the Belgian circuit of Zolder, the Alfa Romeo 177 was entered and entrusted to Bruno Giacomelli.

During the two practice sessions characterized by rainy weather and by a slippery track, Giacomelli's 177 obtained the 14th fastest time, behind the Brabham-Alfa Romeo, powered by the Alfa Romeo "Tipo 1260" engine with 60 ° V cylinders driven by the famous Austrian driver Niki Lauda.

On race day, Alfa Romeo 177 wrestled with De Angelis' Shadow, up to when, during the 21st lap, it was violently bumped in the rear by the De Angelis car and was forced to retire.

For the Alfa Romeo management and for the entire press contingent, it was a positive debut... although the 177 was by now technically an outdated car and definitely heavy. 

Born as an experimental car two years earlier, it was characterized by a dry weight of over 600 kg, and yes,...it  was racing against ground effect cars weighing just over 500 kg. 

Moreover, in this period, the Milanese house had already prepared one new ground effect car, the 179, of which was being secretly developed in anticipation of it's debut at the Italian Grand Prix.

About six weeks after July 1st '79, the 177 and Giacomelli returned to race at the French Grand Prix, which was held on the Dijon circuit and conquered the 17th fastest time. 

The day of the race, despite the great commitment of Giacomelli, the 177 passed the finish line in 17th position five laps behind the Renault RS 11 winning car.

Over the next few days, the 177 was put through a tough test on the very fast track of Hockenheim  driven by Vittorio Brambilla... and showed some very interesting lap times. 

However, the Alfa Romeo team leadership decided not to participate in the next race scheduled on the German track, and instead concentrated its efforts on the preparation of the car destined for the next Italian Grand Prix, a race in which the debut of the new ground effect car...the new 179 was planned.

On September 9th 1979, on the occasion of the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, the 177 came entrusted to Brambilla. It was a memorable day, the Italian fans provided for Alfa Romeo and its drivers, Vittorio and Bruno and generously gave them an unforgettable welcome.

Brambilla, then 42 was returning to Formula 1 racing on the same track where a year earlier he had had his dramatic accident.

During the qualifying session, the 177 obtained the 22nd fastest time, preceding four other cars.

At the end of the race, which saw the victory of the world championship by Ferrari of Jody Scheckter, Vittorio Brambilla's Alfa Romeo 177 behaved more than dignified and passed under the checkered flag in 12th position, while the 179 entrusted to Giacomelli was forced to retire during the 29th lap for one accident.

It should be noted that before the retreat, the 179 had reached the Lauda-driven Brabham and was about to overtake it, then a trivial off - road event at the Ascari curve stopped the sensational action of the new Milanese car.

A week later the 177 appeared in the race at the Dino Ferrari Grand Prix, a contest run at Imola not valid for the championship . For the first time in nine years, Enzo Ferrari attended the tests.

During qualifying, the single 177 was run by both Bruno and Vittorio but for the race Vittorio was chosen to race the car. Starting from 6th place on the starting grid, the 177 finished the race in 9th place one lap behind the winner.

On lap 40 the 177, as in its debut race, was hit by the Shadow of Elio De Angelis, and was forced to slow down its run.

The Alfa Romeo 177-001 thus ended its career at Imola by behaving better than her younger sister, the 179, who was forced to retire after only 4 laps.

The 177 completed in only a few races but accomplished its task; it had successfully returned an Alfa Romeo car in F1 after a very long absence....of 28 years.

1979 Alfa Romeo Tipo 177 with Bruno Giacomelli

1979 Alfa Romeo 177 12 cylinder boxer 3000 cc

1979 Alfa Romeo "Tipo 179".

These next few images serve to show the different chassis and body designs used by Brabham and Alfa Romeo...at one time competing at circuits together.

1979 Alfa Romeo 'Typo 177'

Nelson Piquet (#5) and Niki Lauda (#6) 1979 Brabham BT48 - Alfa Romeo 

These four photographs above are shown here for the comparison of the design of the Alfa Romeo 177,  the 179 chassis with the same year Brabham BT46 design. 

All raced together at one point in time.

Alfa Romeo 179

Text by Roberto Motta

Photos: Alfa Romeo Documentation Center, Arese, Roberto Motta and

Tom Wood © 2011 Courtesy of RM Auctions

Copyright  Robert B. Little  2021

The "179" was an important car in F1 history.  While it was born as a ground effect ‘wing-car’, it was severely modified by the cruel winds of regulatory change during its scheduled lifetime on the Formula 1 circuits of the late 1970s and early 1980’s.

Because those changes were enacted during its planned competitive lifetime, it did not achieve its desired results… but it nevertheless made fans of Alfa Romeo brand enthusiasts worldwide.

In 1979 Alfa Romeo returned to compete in the F1 World Championship with its own car, the 177 … its debut occurring at the Grand Prix of Belgium at Zolder on May 13, 1979.   

Born and developed two years before its Zolder debut… and even after having a positive debut, the 177 proved to be somewhat technically outdated.

Originally conceived for the use of Pirelli radial tires, it was forced to use the Goodyear brand at the last minute.

Moreover, the size and weight problems of the boxer engine did not allow it to be a real aero ground effect wing-car.  The problems with the dimensions of the engine also affected the results of the first Brabham Alfa Romeo BT45-001 which obviously like the Milanese car, could not make the best use of the ground effect.

For this reason, in the late spring of 1978 the engineer Carlo Chiti began designing a new powertrain called the "Tipo 1260", that is, 12 cylinders in a “V” of 60 °, which would have allowed the car to take better advantage of the side tunnels inside where an inverted wing structure was placed… allowing the exploitation of the ground effect.

At the same time the 177 continued to be updated and to participate in some championship races.

The "Tipo 1260" engine.

It was built in just over four months.  Since the first tests carried out by Niki Lauda, the engine proved to be one of the best engines of its period.

It had bore and stroke measurements of 77.0 mm and 53.60 mm (2995 cc), and it exploited all the Autodelta experiences gained from the previous Autodelta boxer…retaining proprietary details such as the crankshaft journals, connecting rods, pistons and cylinder heads.

With its solid granite appearance, its structure was characterized by the banks of its twelve cylinders, narrow and tall, which gave it a sense of solidity and great power. Separate exhaust manifolds joined with a 3-in-one type system to flow into a single outlet.

At the time of its test debut on the track which took place in Lauda's BT48 in December 1978, the new engine it had an output of 525 hp at 12,200 rpm.

Over the years it maintained a high standard of reliability and power,  delivering, in its latest versions, 540 horsepower at 12,300 rpm and a higher torque of 35 kgm at 9,000-9,500 rpm.

Thus, as time passed, Alfa Romeo continued to simultaneously supply engines to the Brabham Parmalat team passing from the 'Tipo 115-12' to the V12 'Tipo 1260' that fitted the BT48.

Alfa Romeo 179: a real aero 'wing-car'

The 179 was conceived following the technical dictates that prevailed in the period. It was a true 'ground effects' design: inside the body were upside down wing profiles and variable section side air vents which, with the help of the side skirts,  allowed a watertight seal under the bottom of the car.  

The side air vents allowed the air to transit under the car creating strong downward force which turned into a significant increase in downforce.

Thus, on a road course …it held the curves enormously stronger and more authoritatively than that of traditional single-seaters.

Designed by French engineer Robert Choulet, the 179's shape looked like a set of rounded curves broken by the sharp lines of the sides.

Narrow V-cylinders had been designed to achieve the best aerodynamic performance possible. It was definitely the first time in the history of racing cars that an engine was built specifically for these aerodynamic parameters.   Its V-shaped structure of 60 ° allowed the car to feature unseen internal side pod downforce wings with a width of 40 centimeters …more than those that had been allowed by the flat wide boxer engine and creating more downforce to the ground effect of about 700 kg (at 260 km / h).

The car showed off a very narrow attractive body made of aluminum panels and titanium with a clean trim, slim shape… which started from the nose up to the engine.  Behind the driver's shoulders was the 200-liter fuel tank.

The suspension system exploited the same solutions adopted for the 177.  As before,  Autodelta used overlapping “A” frames up front with a wide wheelbase and anti-roll bar while in the rear Ing. Chiti’s engineers fitted lower triangular “A” frames and an upper arm, and worthy of note…the 179 was equipped with an anti-roll bar adjustable by the driver.

This single-seater, characterized by a rounded line that contrasted with the taut shapes of the sides, was born from the long tests in the wind tunnel.  Thanks to the considerable downforce of its body, it was devoid of the spoiler in front and looked like one of the most beautiful F1 cars.

Small spoilers and a front air downforce spoiler was later tested and adopted as was a full-width aileron.

The 179 weighed 595 kg dry, had a wheelbase 2.74 m, track widths of 1.72 m and 1.57 m, length 4.34 m, width 2.14 m and height 0.9 m.

A not inconsiderable fact was that for the first time since the 158 'Alfetta'... the 179 used an engine designed exclusively for F1 competitions since the Autodelta V-8 power unit and its subsequent 12 cylinder boxer engines were powertrains derived from an engine used on Sports cars.

The 179 therefore had what it took to bring Alfa Romeo back to victory.

Alfa Romeo "Tipo 1260" V-12 engine. 

1979 Alfa Romeo 179 V-12 3000 cc

On August 16 and 17, 1979 the Alfa Romeo Autodelta team moved to the Monza circuit where, in the presence of the then Alfa Romeo President Massacesi the 179 was tested by Bruno Giacomelli and Vittorio Brambilla.

During the tests the 179 became the victim of a few technical problems, including the breaking of an exhaust manifold, which detached from the engine as the car drove along the Lesmo curve and… five laps later, the engine failed in the same corner.

The 179 was forced to return to the pits towed by a track service car, an Alfetta GTV among whistles from spectators.

The following morning, around 11:00 am, the 179 was taken to the track by Brambilla and, with some interruptions for the necessary checks, the high speed tests continued until 6:00 pm, when the track was closed.

Almost one month later, on  September 9th on the occasion of the Italian Grand Prix weekend, the Autodelta 177-001 was entrusted to Vittorio Brambilla and 179-001 to Bruno Giacomelli.

At the qualifying tests, the 179 obtained the 18th fastest time in the starting grid while its sister, the 177 obtained the 22nd fastest position.

During the race the 179 fought with Lauda's Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT48 but, while on the 29th lap Giacomelli spun his 179 at the Ascari curve and ended its run.

It was a shame, because the car had been competitive, even if it was still fresh from of its initial development.

At the end of the race,  Jody Scheckter's Ferrari won the world championship and the 177 finished in 12th position.

The '179' had a long career and was made in different versions (179B, 179C, 179D, 179F). Probably the most beautiful version was its first year model, in which it was distinguished by a red livery, the color chosen for Italian racing cars and was devoid of front spoilers.

With this configuration Autodelta and the 179 faced the last championship races in Montreal and at Watkins Glen.

The 179-001 remained at Giacomelli's disposal, while the 179-002 was entrusted to Patrick Depailler.

It shines.

After its demanding debut in the short 1979 season, in 1980 the car improved with the renewed Marlboro-Alfa Romeo team. During the season, Giacomelli got two fifth places, a thirteenth place and a pole position in Canada.

On August 1, the season was marred by the tragic loss of Patrick Depailler who died in a crash testing his 179 at Hockenheim during a private test session ten days before the actual race.

His seat was temporarily taken up by Mario Andretti who took part with the 179B-004 at the Dutch Grand Prix at Circuit Zandvoort and at the Italian Grand Prix at Imola. It was his last race in F1 because he was permanently replaced by Andrea de Cesaris who debuted in F1 at the Canadian Grand Prix.

Meanwhile, the "Typo 179" proved faster and faster so much so that the 179B-006 allowed Giacomelli to capture pole position at Watkins Glen where he led the entire race with a large margin and only at the last few minutes of the race was betrayed by a Marelli coil meltdown which took away a victory that had been almost a certainty.

The Alfa Romeo  "Tipo 179" driven by Vittorio Brambilla at Watkins Glen 1979.

1980 Alfa Romeo "Tipo179" and Patrick Depailler.

1980 Alfa Romeo 179 V-12

Alfa Romeo 179B with Bruno Giacomelli

1981 Alfa Romeo T179  V-12 cylinder  3000 cc.  At the Las Vegas race in 1981 Bruno Giacomelli finished third ...20 seconds behind the winning car.

1981 Alfa Romeo T179B  V-12 cylinder  "Tipo 1260" 3000 cc  presented to the Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile of Torino by Alfa Romeo S.p.A., Milano.

The Autodelta team with Mario Andretti.

On 23 January the 1982 season got underway at the South African Grand Prix on the track at Kyalami.  Alfa Romeo fielded 179s for Bruno Giacomelli and Andrea de Cesaris who, after a mediocre race, sadly finished in 11th and 13th place. In the subsequent Grand Prix of Brazil, on the Jacarepagua circuit, both 179 cars were forced to retire.

On April 3, 1982, in Long Beach, in qualifying practice for the US-West Grand Prix it was an unforgettable day for Alfa and de Cesaris.  During the tests, the '182-02' (race number 22) driven by a surprising de Cesaris obtained pole position.  The second car, '182-01', entrusted to Bruno Giacomelli and earned an encouraging 5th fastest time in qualifying.

The following day, at the start of the race, de Cesaris's '182-02' started in strong command of the field, but was forced to retire during the 33rd lap due to a road exit.

The accident was caused by a distraction of the driver de Cesaris who had crashed against a protective wall after seeing... through the rear-view mirrors... suspicious smoke escaping from his car.

Giacomelli's '182-01' stopped on lap 5 due to an accident with the Renault of Rene Arnoux.

For the more curious in Long Beach there was also the chassis '182-03'...a newly created spare used as the practice 'muletto'..

As announced by the English teams, the next San Marino Grand Prix on 25 April, Alfa Romeo was prohibited from occupying the garage stalls registered with the Formula One Constructors Association.  In the course of qualifying with a field reduced to just 14 cars, Giacomelli's '182-01' won the 6th fastest qualifying time while the '182-04' of de Cesaris took the 7th position on the grid. 

Race day was like a cold shower for Alfa Romeo.  On the 4th lap the fuel pump of de Cesaris's car failed... while on lap 24 the V-12 of Giacomelli took its last breath due to the rupture of an oil pipe.

The following weekend the Belgian Grand Prix was marred by the fatal accident in which Gilles Villeneuve lost his life. 

It was Saturday May 8th during the qualifying practice when Villeneuve's Ferrari 126C2 hit the rear wheel of the Jochen Mass March car that preceded him at a slower pace and had moved away to leave the passing lane free for Villeneuve ...who was busily engaged in his fastest lap. 

The Canadian did not understand the intention of Mass, and his Ferrari was catapulted into the air by the rear wheel of the March. Villeneuve was thrown out of the cockpit... harnessed securely to his seat... hit a stake with the back of his head.  He died shortly there after.

For the Alfa Romeo team it was yet another race to forget. Giacomelli's '182-01' did not even finish the first lap due to an accident, while the '182-04' of de Cesaris stopped on lap 34 due to a broken drive shaft.

In the pits there was also the '182-03', used as the 'muletto'.

1982 Alfa Romeo "Tipo 182" with the "Tipo 1260" V-12  3000 cc engine.

From a sporting point of view, while the 8-cylinder turbo engine was being tested by Giorgio Francia on the Balocco track, Giacomelli and de Cesaris had been forced to compete with a 12-cylinder now outdated compared to the turbo engines of Ferrari and of Renault.   Moreover, even the chassis designed by Ducarouge  never reached its intended dreams or aspirations due to the new regulations that prohibited the use of miniskirts.

The 182 could have been competitive, but unfortunately it did not have that reliability which would have allowed it to accumulate kilometers of speed and endurance to discover further improvements in the car.

For example, before entering each race, all the exhausts pipes... made of precious titanium... were replaced with fresh material. However there was never a  competition where one or more of the titanium pieces didn't break...resulting in a loss of engine power.   

The 182 was also plagued by a series of minor failures, each rather insignificant, but collectively forced the surrender or a poor race outcome.

Perhaps the 182 model lacked a little luck.

The absolute harmony of the team with the manufacturers who are not members of the Formula One Constructors Association disrupted the programs of the Milanese technicians who kept faith with the agreements... a legality that other builders did not respect.

The season ended with the team achieving tenth place in the constructors' championship. Such a result highlighted the team's technical and managerial difficulties.  During this disappointing season, Masaccesi reconsidered the participation of Alfa Romeo in the championship reserved for F1 cars. 

He feared he was being held responsible for an adventure that has become more and more for the Milanese manufacturer rich in investments and poor in results. He was convinced that the Italian government's control of Alfa Romeo through its IRI should to intervene drastically and decisively to limit the future of the motor racing department named Autodelta.

Initially Massacesi also considered the opportunity to completely leave the world of F1, but, after carefully analyzing the situation, considered it a retirement that could be interpreted by customers as denying the traditionally sporting image of the company.

In the same period, Nicolò San Germano, a young Philip Morris manager, was instructed by his  parent company in Lausanne to follow and support the Alfa Romeo Marlboro sponsorships.

He proposed to the management of the Milanese company to sell the Formula 1 team and to entrust its management to the Euroracing team owned by Gianpaolo Pavanello.

Pavanello distinguished himself in Formula 3 by winning Italian and European championships. According to the Marlboro man, such a choice would have guaranteed the reduction of management costs and the increase in sponsorship revenue since the activity would no longer be managed by a 'state company', but by an agile private organization. 

Having heard that, Massacesi decided to entrust to Euroracing the management of the Formula 1 team starting from the 1983 season. The new team could have counted on steady supply of 8-cylinder and turbo engines along with Autodelta technical assistance.

With this decision, the Alfa Romeo adventure, or rather that of the 'real' Alfa Romeo, ended with the 1982 season, although in reality a team substitute continued under the banner of the Euroracing Team.

During the 1983 season, the new 183T cars, powered by the turbo engine were entrusted to Mauro Baldi and Andrea de Cesaris. The season was catastrophic, so much so that both drivers preferred not to renew their respective contracts.

With the loss of its main sponsor, Marlboro, the cars received a new livery supported by Benetton. Piloted by Riccardo Patrese and Eddie Cheever, they sailed in the sea of anonymity, so much so that after a thousand controversies and problems, that could not and should not have involved the Alfa Romeo brand name, the management of the Milanese manufacturer decided to withdraw from the world of the Grand Prix racing, and to continue the supply of turbo engines at Osella until 1987.

1982 Alfa Romeo Tipo 182 with Bruno Giacomelli.

These largely unsuccessful F1 cars of the 1981 were essentially the final cars built by Autodelta in Settimo Milanese "in house" before the takeover of the construction activities by outside vendors such as Advanced Composite Components ... building the new 182 in 1982.  

The planning and general supervision of this 1981 car was maintainted by Ing. Carlo Chiti....this car only achieved a 4th place in Canada and a third place in Las Vegas.

1983 Alfa Romeo 183T  V-8 1500 Turbo

1983 Alfa Romeo 183T  V-8 1500 Turbo

This completely new fabrication of an Alfa Romeo Formula 1 car was named the "182", built largely of lightweight honeycomb carbon fiber materials and weighing under 1,200 pounds...said to have been built in only 90 days in the UK by Roger Slomans.  It was introduced to the public on February 25, 1982 in downtown Milano.

1982 Alfa Romeo 182 1500 V-8 

1982 Alfa Romeo chassis in carbon fiber

1984 Alfa Romeo 184T/C  1500 V-8 Turbo

1984 Alfa Romeo Euroracing 184T/C  V- 8 cylinder 1500 Turbo

The Alfa Romeo 'Tipo 890T' Turbo

This was the very last Formula 1 Alfa Romeo car supervised by Ing. Carlo Chiti before his withdrawal from employment with Alfa Romeo S.p.A.  This car, known more appropriately as the 184 T/C was tested for the first time on January 11, 1984 at the Balocco testing facility...a few days after its public introduction.  

Ing. Chiti then immediately joined Piero Mancini in forming a new company Motoro Moderni a short drive away from Settimo Milanese in nearby Novara.

Ligier-Alfa Romeo 

The Alfa Romeo four cylinder 415 / 85T 

Alfa Romeo Type 1035

Aware of the future change in regulations that provided for the introduction of 3.5-liter naturally aspirated engines in F1 from 1989, the Alfa Romeo management decided to use a 72° V-shaped 10-cylinder engine.

The project officially started in November 1985 under the leadership of Ing. Tonti.

The Alfa Romeo 1035 (10-cylinder-3.5-liter) engine was the first 10-cylinder in the history of modern F1 (Honda presented a dummy of the engine just a month after the Italian V-10 was made, and Renault would make its V-10  a year later).

This V-10 was characterized by bore and stroke measurements of 88.0 and 55.5mm (3495cc). The heads, the cylinders, the engine block, were in an aluminum alloy,  connecting rods was made by titanium,  and the pistons (with two segments) was cooled with an oil jet. Initially, the heads had a a distribution system with 4 valves per cylinder,  but later the system was replaced with new five valves per-cylinder heads.

The valves were made in titanium, and activated by 4 camshafts.

The first technical meeting to set up the 10-cylinders engine was on 7 October 1986, in which Tonti, D 'Agostino and Antoniazzi participated.

The engine design work began after that the FISA-FIA technical commission and the manufacturers decided on the new rules on naturally aspirated engines, during a meeting in the weekend of the Italian Grand Prix in 1986.

The engine had its first tested on the bench on 1 July 1987.

In its latest version, the engine delivered 620 hp at 13,300 rpm with a maximum torque of 39 kgm at 9500 rpm.

This engine was first mounted on the 164 Pro-Car and then on the fantastic and wonderful Group C SE048.

Both cars were never used in the race, in particular the SE048 never made even a single lap of the track.

These are previously secret photographs of an Ligier chassis with an experimental Autodelta Turbo-charged four cylinder engine being tested by Autodelta prior to the closure of its activities.  Much of this development work on the V-10 and the 4 cylinder turbo pictured here in the images above was the result of research and development carried out by Ing. Gianni Tonti

Commentary;    "The End of Autodelta"

by Roberto Motta

When  Autodelta F1 driver Bruno Giacomelli said the “182” cars were the last true Autodelta cars…what did he really mean???

For Giacomelli, the 182 was the last Autodelta cars because they were the last cars that were officially supported to the championship by Autodelta S.p.A....up to the point in time when the 183T was produced and entered by Euroracing.   

Few knowledgeable people would dispute the opinion of Bruno Giacomelli because he was an Autodelta F1 driver.

The story

Ducarouge was fired by Ligier at the 1981 British Grand Prix.

Ing. Chiti, who esteemed him as a frame builder, hired him, and the French technician began the design of the 182.

In this period Ettore Massacesi, President of Alfa Romeo, therefore a man of IRI, the governing body that owns Alfa Romeo and so also of Autodelta, began to undermine the Alfa Romeo set-up aiming to retire from competitions. which he considered too expensive for a company in crisis to bear.

From a technical point of view, the 182, the first single-seater made entirely of carbon fiber, was designed by Gerard Ducarouge, at the Autodelta.

The 183T, a car that was managed by Pavanello's Euroracing, was powered by the turbo V8 designed by Ing. Chiti.

The 183T was the evolution of the 182T that had debuted in the tests of the Italian Grand Prix in September 1982.

The car was designed by Gerard Ducarouge who followed the project and the initial phase of development, together with Mauro Tolentino.

From a political point of view, the truth was that the Alfa Romeo top management wanted to eliminate Autodelta and to get there they began to divide it.  (see the page on this site entitled : The Death of Autodelta.)

While Ducarouge assumed the role of Technical Director, Chiti had loose parts of his decisional power.

With this new situation, Chiti no longer had total decision-making control in Autodelta.

At the height of governance, above Chiti and Ducarouge, there was a general manager, Massacesi, who referred to IRI, and who had been charged with liquidating everything and everyone.

Towards the end of 1982, Massaccesi, through the sponsor Marlboro, decided to continue his demolition work, and made an agreement with Euroracing for the management of the F1 cars. All the material was given to the Pavanello stable on loan (practically free of charge).

It was the premise of the total cancellation of Autodelta, a situation that became operational at the end of 1984 with the departure of Carlo Chiti.

In the spring of 1983, Ducarouge was fired from Alfa Romeo, after the episode of the empty fire extinguisher on De Cesaris's car.

Clearly a pretext!

For the 1984 season, Alfa Romeo entrusted to the Euroracing the design and construction of the chassis of the future 184T.

Ing. Chiti was appointed president of Autodelta, and was ousted from F1 sporting activities, and Autodelta would take care of the supply of the engine.

The last car that was formally followed by Chiti on behalf of Alfa Romeo was the 184T, (only because Chiti was the Autodelta's President) a car that made its ‘shake down’ on 11 January 1984.

In November 1984 Chiti met with the President of IRI, Romano Prodi, and informed him of his resignation.

Over the following year, together with Piero Mancini, he founded 'Motori Moderni’ to build a new engine that would be brought to the track by Minardi.

Ciao.

...the Alfa Romeo team withdrew from Formula One competition in 1985...

Formula 1 2018: Quadrifoglio Is Back

In 2018, the Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team marked the return to the circuits of the magical symbol of the "Quadrifoglio", the legendary emblem that since 1923 had enriched the livery of Alfa Romeo's most high-performance cars.

Clearly visible on the bonnet of the new C37, the lucky symbol has a fascinating history that is intimately linked to the world of racing.

The first Alfa Romeo car to bear the 'Quadrifoglio' symbol on its livery was the RL 'Corsa' , a car which was one of Giuseppe Merosi's masterpieces and which took part in the Targa Florio.

The choice to place the lucky symbol on the bodywork was due to the awareness that however intense the effort, how valid and perfect the project and every detail, how great the sacrifice was to achieve the result, it is essential to have even a little of luck.

With this in mind, and with a poorly concealed superstition, the company decided to paint a lucky charm on the bonnets of its cars: a green four-leaf clover.

The talisman worked in the rigth way and Ugo Sivocci won the race preceded his teammate Ascari.

It should be noted that Sivocci's car was enriched by the symbol of the green four-leaf clover on a white background in the shape of a diamond, while Ascari's car had the green four-leaf clover on a triangular background. It was a great victory that definitively launched the brand into the Olympus of manufacturers, and transformed the 'Quadrifoglio' into a truly distinctive logo of all Alfa Romeo racing cars.

The same lucky emblem also appeared on Brilli Peri's 'P2' when he triumphed in the first "World Motoring Championship" in Monza in 1925, winning the first of the five World Titles won by Alfa Romeo, and was present again in 1950 and 1951 , when Giuseppe 'Nino' Farina and Juan Manuel Fangio drove the Alfa Romeo 158 and 159, the famous 'Alfetta', to victory in the first two Formula 1 World Championships. After years of oblivion, with participation in the 2018 championship, the legendary symbol returned to motor racing to show the world the continuity of the Alfa Romeo philosophy, based on a constant search for excellence applied to racing, to be then transferred in its entirety to production cars.

The 2018 championship 

The championship kicked off on 25 March 2018, at the Albert Park circuit, in Melbourne. In testing, the C37 achieved the 17th and 18th times, achieved by Ericsson and Leclerc.

During the race, Ericsson's C37 was forced to retire due to hydraulic problems, while Leclerc took 13th. It was therefore not a debut to remember but, in his way, it was positive and, as they say, the die was cast, and the new adventure had begun.

In the Bahrain Grand Prix things went a little better; the C37 obtained its first points thanks to the 9th place of Ericsson, who led an attacking race starting from 17th place on the starting grid.

After an anonymous race in Shanghai, the Swiss team returned to the points in the following round in Baku, where Leclerc obtained a flattering 6th position, a result that will remain Sauber's best placing throughout the championship.

The Monegasque driver confirmed his positive moment in Montmeló, managing to score another point.

In Monte Carlo the Swiss team did not have a fruitful weekend; Leclerc did not finish the race and Ericsson finished outside the points.

In the following two races, in Montreal and Le Castellet, it was Leclerc who scored points again, finishing in 10th place on both occasions.

In Spielberg Sauber proved to be very competitive with Leclerc and Ericsson who, for the first time, both finished the race in the points, in 9th and 10th place respectively. In the Silverstone race both drivers were forced to retire.

At Hockenheim, only Ericsson scored points by finishing in 9th place, while the following weekend in Budapest, for Sauber, was not positive and did not score any points.

In Belgium, on the Spa-Francorchamps circuit, one of the most beautiful circuits in the world, the C37 scored another point thanks to Ericsson's 10th place, while Leclerc was forced to retire.

On 2 September, on the occasion of the Italian Grand Prix, F1 landed on another of the historic circuits of the world of competitions, the Monza circuit, the third oldest permanent circuit in the world and is considered the temple of F1 speed because it is the route that is followed at the highest average.

For the Italian fans it was a special day; Sebastian Vettel on the asphalt of Spa had stripped Hamilton on the first lap, remaining in the lead from start to finish.

In testing the Ferraris of Vettel and Räikkönen took the front row, making the Ferrari fans dream as they hoped for a memorable double. There were also many hopes for Alfa Romeo Sauber, which wanted to do well on its home track, but which obtained a sad 17th and 19th place.

However, Ericsson and his C37 had their brief moment of glory, and made the Alfisti dream: After Hamilton's pit stop on lap 28, Ericsson and the C37 moved ahead of the Mercedes. The Swede held off Hamilton for a few laps, then, on lap 31, Hamilton overtook him with extreme braking at the first chicane.

In the end the race saw Räikkönen's Ferrari take 2nd place, and a dull day for the Alfisti, who finished in 11th and 15th place with Leclerc and Ericsson.

In Singapore Leclerc obtained 9th place and Ericsson 11th, while in the Russian Grand Prix the two drivers obtained 7th and 13th place respectively. In Japan only Ericsson finished (12th) while Leclerc was forced to retire, results that were also confirmed in the following United States Grand Prix, where the FIA confirmed the Grand Prix dates for the 2019 season and made public some of the technical choices for the new championship.

In Mexico, the C37 got a new dose of life and achieved 7th place with Leclerc and 9th with Ericsson, results which improved in Brazil with 7th and 8th place obtained by Ericsson and Leclerc.

On November 25, the 21st and final race of the season took place on the Yas Marina circuit. The race saw a good 7th place for Leclerc and Ericsson's abandonment due to engine failure. The race was won by Hamilton with Mercedes who preceded Vettel with Ferrari and the young Dutchman Verstappen with Red Bull. Hamilton also preceded Vettel in the final standings of the Drivers' Championship, and Mercedes won the Constructors' Championship, for the 5th time in a row, ahead of Ferrari.

Our heroes, Leclerc and Ericsson, finished in 13th and 17th place, bringing Alfa Romeo-Sauber to 8th place in the Constructors' Championship. 

At the end of the tests, Kimi told the press: 

"We had a good session on the track. The car performed well and I was able to get a first impression of the car that we will use this season. We will work on the final details and then we will go to Barcelona to two weeks of testing. I'm looking forward to getting to know the car better there."

A few days later, on February 18, 2019, while pre-season testing was taking place at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, the C38 made its official public appearance.

The car was unveiled at 8.30am, exactly 30 minutes before the F1 cars took to the track for the first time in 2019.

The presentation began with the speaker's statement who underlined that there were many new features and more precisely, they were:

New name: the Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team has become Alfa Romeo Racing. Structure, ownership and management remain the same, the name changes.

New drivers: Kimi Räikkönen, known as 'Iceman', and Antonio Giovinazzi, nicknamed 'Giovi', thanks to the Title Sponsor Alfa Romeo, will have the opportunity to drive the Stelvio, with race number 7, and the Giulia with the No. 99.

New livery: already new in 2018, this livery is even more exciting, because it combines the classic colors of the traditional Sauber team (white and blue) with the iconic red, symbol of one of the most historic brands in the racing world, Alfa Romeo.

New Sponsors: Lately, with press releases rolling out for new partners, the Marketing department seemed like an airport hub in constant motion.

After a brief description of the technical characteristics of the car, the speaker underlined how the Team Principal Frédéric Vasseur, the Technical Director Simone Resta, and all the staff had worked in the winter months to give their best and that everyone, absolutely everyone, did not see the It's time to have the chance to demonstrate the potential on the track and to be sure that we can achieve important results.

Frédéric Vasseur, Team Principal Alfa Romeo Racing and CEO Sauber Motorsport AG, said he was proud to present the Alfa Romeo Racing C38 declaring; 

“…a car that is the result of the great work carried out by each member of our team, both in Switzerland than on the track. The new livery enhances the characteristics of last year in a more decisive and bold way." 

He concluded by saying that the team expected great progress and aimed to achieve great results.

Simone Resta, Alfa Romeo Racing Technical Director declared: 

"Since I joined the team last year, I have seen continuous growth on all fronts and I am really happy to see the result of the hard work done this winter which has brought to the new Alfa Romeo Racing C38. We have set ourselves ambitious goals for this season, which sees a significant change in the regulations, especially regarding aerodynamics, and we are looking forward to receiving their feedback in the next two weeks of testing, in preparation of the first Melbourne Grand Prix".

Ultimately Räikkönen and Giovinazzi said they were eager to test the car on the track.

Among the curiosities relating to the single-seater, we point out that the C38 was the last F1 to appear with the definitive livery to face the season, but one of the first cars to take to the track for the filming day, as if to underline the great desire of the team to compete on the track.

Technically the C38 was the natural evolution of the C37, and represented a further development of it. It used a frame made of honeycomb composite material with carbon fiber. The front suspension consisted of double wishbones, with internal spring and shock absorber units operated by tie rods; the rear suspension was of the multilink type, with internal spring and shock absorber elements operated by tie rods.

The mechanical heart of the car was the Ferrari type 064 EVO V6 90° engine, with a displacement of 1.6 liters obtained with bore and stroke measurements of 80 x 53 mm. The centrally mounted engine was equipped with a turbocharger and a 120 kW electric motor. The engine had a rotation speed of 15,000 rpm. The power was transmitted to the rear wheels via a Ferrari eight-speed sequential gearbox withsteering wheel controls.

One last curiosity, the car, as underlined by the Sauber Engineering writing on the side, was born in Hinwil, but was equipped with the Ferrari power unit, and was the fruit of the ideas of many Italian technicians, starting with Simone Resta and Luca Furbatto.

The first tests

From 18 to 21 February, and subsequently from 25 February to 1 March 2019, two weeks of pre-season testing took place on the Circuit de Catalunya-Barcelona circuit in view of a season that promised great battles on the track. As often happens, at least in collective tests, the performances of the cars and drivers left room for interpretation and, in front of Ferrari's results, with Vettel 'winter champion' who set the best time and Leclers who obtained third half, Hamilton entered with the 2nd half. Part of the international press claimed that Mercedes had probably not wanted to reveal the cards before the championship, and that Hamilton had actually held back.

Regarding the Alfa Romeo Racing C38, we must remember that, in the first week of testing, it performed impressively. On the first day of testing, Giovinazzi made his track debut on the C38 and completed 100 laps. Even without looking for performance, he got the 5th time. At the end of the day he was visibly satisfied and declared: 

“I think at the beginning of the day I was a bit to be broken in too, but it was a positive day... Compared to last year's car a big improvement has been made I would say . It's definitely a car that was born well."

In the second week of testing, the car's performance seemed to have declined, and Raikkonen and Giovinazzi achieved 13th and 16th times respectively.

During the first laps of the track, Kimi had a small accident, going off the track at turn 5. However, the car was quickly repaired and continued to participate in the tests.

Although the first tests proved to be more challenging than expected, the unstoppable optimism of the pilots and technicians did not suffer any repercussions. The team, with unwavering determination, was certain they could surpass the previous season's performance.

The 2019 championship

With the dawn of March 17, 2019, the world of car racing was preparing to experience an unprecedented Formula 1 championship. That day marked not only the beginning of a new season of breathtaking races, but also coincided with two anniversaries of historical importance: the celebration of 70 years since the birth of the first Formula 1 Championship, an event that marked an epochal turning point in the world of racing, and the 90th anniversary of the foundation of Scuderia Ferrari, a brand that has written unforgettable pages in the history of Formula 1. This double celebration infused to the 2019 edition of the championship of a unique charm, creating a perfect union between the glorious tradition of past and the constant innovation of the present.

For the Alfa Romeo Racing C38, the crucial moment had arrived to verify whether the decisions made during testing would lead to positive results in a real racing situation. On the 1st day of official testing, the C38 achieved 9th and 14th times with Räikkönen and Giovinazzi, this did not completely satisfy the team, a feeling which became even more evident when, addressing the press, Räikkönen said: “I'm a bit disappointed... Now we face the first two corners of the race without incidents and then we start from there...". Giovinazzi, who had achieved the 3rd time in free practice, added: "Qualifying didn't go well, but we have a good car and a good race pace and tomorrow we will have the chance to fight for points in the race...".

On the day of the race, Bottas and Hamilton, both driving a Mercedes, dominated the competition, marking the beginning of an era of domination for the House of the 'Star', which was then consolidated with an impressive series of victories in the championship arc.

For the Alfa Romeo C38, the race was positive. After a long period of abstinence that continued since 1984, when the 184T and Riccardo Patrese achieved 6th place at the European Grand Prix, Alfa Romeo returned to the points thanks to the 8th place achieved by Kimi and his ' Giulia'. While 'Giovi' led his 'Stelvio' to 15th place.

During the post-race statements, the team was satisfied with the result and expressed confidence in the possibility of improving. Team Principal, Frédéric Vasseur, said: 

“We go home with 4 points, which is good. Starting the season with a car in the top ten is certainly a good result...'. 

Both drivers said they were satisfied with the car and were eager to return to racing in Bahrain.

Starting from the Bahrain GP, an internal struggle began within the Mercedes Team, whose drivers competed practically without major opponents. Hamilton won the next 6 GPs, and the consecutive series of victories was interrupted at the Austrian GP, when Verstappen and his Red Bull-Honda took victory.

During  for the Chinese Grand Prix's the practice, Giovinazzi was unable to obtain a qualifying time for some power-unit problems. At the request of the team he was authorized to start the race by the stewards.

The races followed one another quickly and, after 7th place in Bahrain, Kimmi achieved 7th place as his best result in the French Grand Prix, while 'Giovi' achieved mid-table results, with 10th place as his best result. on the occasion of the Austrian Grand Prix.

Among the most challenging races faced by the C38 we remember the Monaco GP, where Kimmi and Antonio finished in 17th and 19th place respectively. In the second part of the championship, Kimmi suffered two heavy retirements and a 'breath of fresh air' with 4th place in the Brazilian GP, where he preceded teammate Giovinazzi. On the occasion, Frédéric Vasseur, Team Principal Alfa Romeo Racing and CEO Sauber Motorsport AG said: "We can be really happy and proud of this result. Bringing two cars to the points just outside the podium is the reward for the hard work of everyone team members. We didn't lower our heads in the races where we were unlucky and now we can celebrate our best result of the season". Kimmi declared: "... it's nice to finally be able to celebrate our best result of the season as a team. It was a great day positive and we finally managed to get the result we worked so hard". 'Giovi' declared: "I am very, very happy today, both for myself and for the team. What a great race, it was a fantastic way to celebrate the my contract for next year with two points-scoring cars".

The championship ended with the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, but for the C38 it was a last race with mid-table results, with 13th place for Kimi and 16th for Antonio.

Frédéric Vasseur declared: 

“We end this season with a challenging race, but we will not let this overshadow the good work we have done this year.” Kimi said: “Today we did everything we could do…”, 

While Antonio added: 

“We fought to get a good result today, but we couldn't finish the season in the points… It's been a season in which I learnt a lot of lessons.  it will all help me when I get back to the start line in Melbourne Grand Prix the nexr year …”.

Considerations on the season

The 2019 Formula 1 season, which saw 21 Grand Prix from 17 March to 1 December, was dominated by the large power of Mercedes and the talent of its top driver, Lewis Hamilton. Hamilton won his 6th world title (and third in a row), while the German team Mercedes obtained their 6th consecutive title in the constructors' championship, thanks to 15 victories, ten of which were consecutive, with 11 victories for Hamilton and 4 for Bottas.

The other contenders had 'just the crumbs': Verstappen, on the Red Bull Racing-Honda, won 3 Grand Prix, while the Ferrari drivers Leclerc and Vettel, on the Ferrari F90, won 2 and 1 Grand Prix respectively.

In the second half of the season, Ferrari dominated the headlines with a series of poles and victories from Spa onwards. Toto Wolff's Mercedes team lost almost half a second in qualifying compared to Ferrari and almost three tenths compared to Red Bull, who used a Ferrari Power-Unit. This loss of competitiveness for Mercedes triggered a series of controversies which led the FIA to investigate the legality of the Ferrari power unit. Controversies that continued even after the conclusion of the championship.

As for Alfa Romeo Racing, although Alfa Romeo-Sauber had been one of the surprises of the 2018 championship, the 2019 season was not a big step forward. However, at the end of the championship, Frédéric Vasseur declared: 

“…we can look back on a season in which we scored more points than in 2018 and made giant strides in terms of performance.”

Kimi, in an interview, said: 

“…We learned a lot from this match and we can use it to improve for next year. It's impossible to guess where we will be, but we want to come back stronger. We have made some progress this season, but we want more." 

Giovinazzi, who completed his first full season in F1, said: 

“…It was a season in which I learned a lot: everything will help me when I return to the starting line in Melbourne the next year. I'm happy with how I improved during the year, we can improve and we will do our best to have an even better season in 2020."

Analyzing the season with the eyes of an Alfa Romeo enthusiast, the season was not so engaging. After a good start to the season, which saw Alfa Romeo return to the points, the team achieved mediocre performances, with some occasional improvements (in Brazil). Overall it was a decent season, with the feeling that better management was needed, and more attention in pit strategies.

But, as we know, the numbers that remain written in the annals show the same 8th place in the constructors' classification obtained in the previous season. The result was obtained with 57 points instead of the 48 obtained in 2018, but Alfa Romeo Racing remained a mid-table car and had improved more than the competition. Ultimately, for enthusiasts, the name Alfa Romeo deserved and should have given more.

Regarding the drivers, we can say that Raikkonen's experience and driving style were essential and allowed him to accumulate points. In the second part of the season, the car's lose competitiveness forced it to produce mediocre results, excluding the good 4th place obtained in Brazil. However, the Fin driver was always motivated and ready to fight on every occasion.

As for Giovinazzi, he had a progressive season; to the insufficient results obtained in the first part of the season, more positive results were added in the second part of the season, when he managed to maintain Raikkonen's pace. For lovers of statistics we would like to point out that the chassis least used in the race was the '01', which took part in two Grand Prix (Hungary with Kimi and Belgium with 'Giovi'). The most used chassis was the 04 which took part in 15 Grand Prix (6 with Kimi and 9 with Giovinazzi). Chassis 06 was the only one to be raced exclusively by Raikkonen, who used it on 7 occasions.

2021

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